Michael, congratulations on such a thorough investigation. I have a different theory on how the problem occurs. I don't think the blockage causes oil to be forced into the can through the return pipe - the one from the can to the timing-cover. I think the pipe from the crankcase to the catch-can gets blocked as you have discovered, but then pressure builds up until there is enough to overcome the blockage until there is a sudden massive splurge of mayo, oil-mist and oil through the pipe and ito the catch-can, filling it almost immediately and sending the overflow into the tool-box.
It used to happen to me on every long high-speed run (by which I mean around 45 mph or slightly more. I was in the later stages of running-in at the time).
Following advice given on this forum, I removed the crankcase pipe, cleaned it, and fitted it the other way round, passing it over the frame cross-member instead of underneath it and with the right-angled bend at the can end, not at the crankcase end. It then makes a continuous fall from the can to the crankcase.
I also began keeping the engine oil to just below halfway betwwen the maximum and minimum marks on the dipstick.
*Touch Wood* My toolbox and air-filter have remained dry since that day.
Tom