If I'm seeing things correctly, the round end of that block with the metal insert in the screw hole fits down into the outlet of the pump?
I believe an O-ring either goes onto that round end or it presses against a O-ring down inside the pump outlet?
I don't know if you own a micrometer or some vernier/dial calipers but it would be interesting to me to know the exact size of the smaller end of the block that fits down into the hole in the pump body. This measurement needs to be accurate to the nearest .001 (one thousandth of an inch).
Ideally, some sort of metal tube could be the same size or sized down by mounting the tube in a chuck and then filed down with a large flat file.
Eventually, the existing block could be drilled and the metal tube could be epoxied into the body of the block.
This metal tube would become the new outlet for the pump and it certainly would be more robust than the existing plastic.
As for epoxies in direct contact with fuel, I haven't seen one yet that keeps its strength very long and with a 42psi outlet pump pressure, strength is paramount in this application.