Fixed it!!
It was the connector at the clutch cut-out. The ends were mated, but not pushed all the way together.
I did some other diagnostics before figuring out what was wrong. I checked the blue/white wire coming out of the starter switch housing goes to the solenoid. I saw that voltage was there when the button was depressed (and absent when I let off the button). That ruled out the switch. I also confirmed that wire had continuity to the solenoid.
So, the next suspect was the solenoid. I was drenched in sweat and putting all my tools away when I thought I should probably give the clutch cut-out a look. That's when I noticed it was un-snapped. I snapped it together and the bike started with the starter button... as if to mock me.
When I took delivery my dealer started it with the button, so the whole thing was somewhat of a mystery to me. I guess sometime between the dealership and my garage the connector got pulled apart just enough to break the connection.
It's always the simple things.
Thanks for all the help, guys!